Kiln for revivifying bone-black



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. B. EBA. KILN POR RBVIVIPYING BONE BLACK.No. 557,498. Patented Mar. 31, 1896. JW!

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KILN FOR RBVIVIPYING BONE BLAGK.

Patented Mer.v 31, 1896.

(No Model.)

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

KILN POR RBVIVIFYING BONE BLACK.l

Patented Mar. 3l, 1896.

(N0 Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 4.

. B. EBA. KILN FOR RBVIVIFYING BONE BLACK.

Patented Mar. 31,1896.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BERNIIARDT EBA, OF VARREN, PENNSYLVANIA.

KILN FOR REVIVIFYING .BONE-BLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent NO. 557,498, dated March 31,1896.

Application filed July 25, 1895- Seral No. 557,126. (No model.)

T0 all whom it' may concern:

Be it known that I, BEENHARDT EBA, a citizen of the United States,residing at Warren, in the county of Warren and State of Pennsylvania,have invented new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Revivifying Bone-Black, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to kilns for revivif ying bone-black, and has forits object to provide a kiln of the nature described by means of whichthev bone-black may be thoroughly calcined expeditiously andeconomically to eliminate foreign matter arrested in the process of thefiltration of oil and other fluids;

and it consists in the novel features and in the construction andarrangement hereinafter described, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this speciiication, wherein-Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of my improved kiln.Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 3'.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4: is asimilar view on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectiontaken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2. Fig. G'is a vertical sectional view ofone of the retorts and coolers. Fig. 7 is a detail perspective View ofone of the retorts. Fig. 8 is a similar View of one end of one of thefeed-hoppers, and Fig. 9 is a similar view of one of the coolers.

My improved kiln comprises two furnaces or combustion-chambers, each ofwhich is provided with a series of retorts and coolers, the furnacesbeing entirely separate and distinct from one another, whereby they mayboth be operated simultaneously or either one of them may be shut downor remain idle while the other is in operation, and as the two portionsof the kiln are duplicates one of the other it will only be necessary todescribe lthe construction and operation of one side thereof.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 1 indicates one of the furnacesor combustionchambers inclosed between a central wall 2 and a side wall3 and communicating, by a series of apertures 4, with a retort-chamber5. lVithin the chamber 5 are arranged a series of retorts 6, eachconsisting of a hollow castiron casing rectangular in cross-section andprovided upon one side at both top and bottom with iianges '7, which,when the retorts are arranged side by side in the chamber 5 andaresecured in place in the manner hereinafter described, serve to maintainthe retorts the proper distance apart and seal the upper and lower endsof the spaces between the retorts. The retorts 6 are each provided attheir upper inner edges with a perforated ear S, through which passes arod 9, and the end retorts are provided with four suoli lu gs-two at thebottom and two at the top-through which are passed rods 9, by means ofwhich the retorts are bound together. The two series of retorts are tiedtogether by tie-rods 10 and hooked links 11, the links 11 being hookedover the rods 9 and are ad]l ustably connected to the tierods 10 by nuts12, as more clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The retorts 6 are provided attheir lower ends with tubulardischargespouts 13, that project through the bottom wall of theretortchamber 5, the lower ends of said spouts being provided withperforated lateral ears 14, through which are passed bolts that alsopass through corresponding ears 15 formed on a damper-plate 16 and bymeans of which said damper-plate is secured to the spout. Thedamper-plate is centrally apertured, as at 17, Fig. 7, in which isarranged a pivot-bolt 1S, that passes through a corresponding aperture19 formed in the upper end of a cylinder 20, that is provided with aseries of damperopenings 21, that are adapted to register with theopenings in the damper-plate 16.

The lower ends of the cylinders 20 project into the upper ends of thecoolers 22, each consisting of a hollow sheet-iron box of the shape moreclearly shown in Fig. 9. The coolers 22 are supported at their rearsides by lugs 23, riveted to the coolers and bolted to metallic plates24, tied in the side walls 3. To the front side of the coolers areriveted lugs 24a, through which are passed hooked rods 25, that at theirupper ends are suspended from a bar 26, secured in the front and rearwalls of the kiln, the said lugs abutting against the under side of abar 27, secured in the walls of the kiln in the same manner as the bar2G, and are held firmly in place by nuts 28 tapped over the threadedends of the rods 25. The coolers 22 are thus rigidly held in position.The lower ends of the coolers terminate in tubularvdischarge- IOO spouts29, over which are secured caps 30, that are provided withdamper-openings 31, and upon the lower ends of the caps 30 are pivoteddamper-plates 32, having openings 33 adapted to register with theopenings 31 in the bottom of the caps 30. The cylinders 20 anddamperplates 32 are each provided with handles or arms which are pivotedat their ends to bars 34 and 35, and said bars in turn are pivoted to alever 3G, that at its center is pivoted to a bracket 37, secured to theside of the kiln. By oscillating the lever 3G the cylinders 20 anddamper-plates 32 are partially rotated and are caused to alternatelyopen' and close the discharge ends of the spouts 13 and 29, thearrangement being such that when the spout 13 is open the spout 29 isclosed, and vice versa.

Disposed over the upper ends of each series of retorts 6 is a hopper 38,which at its under side is provided with a series of dependingdischarge-spouts 39, that project into the upper ends of the retorts G.A sliding gate 40 is arranged in a suitable guideway in the top of eachol' the retorts and passes through a slot 41, formed in each oi' thedischargespouts 39. By means of said gates any one of the retorts may becut oii from communication with the hopper 38, should it be so desiredfor any purpose. The hopper 38 is formed with hollow walls 42, and isprovided with a hinged cover 43, having a covered feed-opening 44, andthe hollow walls 42 are tied together by tie-rods 45, which also serveas supports for the inverted-V-shaped shields 46, hereinafter described.

The central wall 2 between the two furnaces or combustion-chambers isprovided with two passages 47, which extend from the front of the kilnto the rear thereof, the front open ends of said passages being providedwith doors 48 and the rear ends communicating with passages 49, thatopen into the space surrounding the lower ends of the retorts. Each ofthe passages 47 near its rear end, comm unicates by an aperture 5() withthe combustion-chamber beneath the grate. Passages 51 are also formed inthe wall 2 and communicate by a series of apertures 52 with the spaceabove the grate, said passages communicating by means of iiues 53 withthe space surrounding the lower ends of the retorts at the front end oi'the kiln. The side walls 3 are each provided with a series of passages54 55 56, each of which communicates by open ings 57 with the spacesurrounding the coolers 22 and at its other end communicates with asmoke-stack 58, located in the rear of the kiln. The passages 54 and 5Gopen into the ends of the cooler-chamber and the passage into the centerthereof, for the purpose hereinafter described.

Communicating with the rear end of the retort-chamber l5 is a ilue 58,that completely surrounds said chamber and at its other end communicatesby a pipe 59 with the hollow wall 42 of the feed-hopper 38. A partitionGO is arranged within said hollow walls near the point where the pipe 59enters, whereby the heat and products of combustion escaping from thefurnace or combustion-chamber, as hereinafter described, are caused topass entirely around the hopper and iinally escape by a pipe (il intothe stack 58% The iircchamber communicates with the retort-chamber 5by aseries of openings 4, one of said openings being disposed between everytwo of the retorts G, as more clearly shown in Fig.

Communicating with the upper ends of the retorts 6 are a series of pipes62, one foreach retort, which are connected to a pipe 63, which isclosed at one end and at its other end opens into the stack 58, apeep-hole or sight-opening 64 being arranged in said pipe at anyconvenient point, for the purpose hereinafter described.

The operation of my improved kiln is as follows: The bone-black to bereviviiied, after having been employed for the iiltration of oil and thelike, is fed into the hoppers 38 and from thence drops into the retortsG. The heat and products of combustion pass irom the combustion-chamberthrough the openings 4 between the retorts, thence bythe flue 58entirely around the retorts, and thence by the pipe 59 into the hollowwall of the hopper 38. By means of the partition 60 the heat is causedto pass entirely around the hopper and iinally escapes by the pipe 61into the stack 58a. The bone-black in the retorts is thus thoroughlycalcined, and the heat passing through the hollow Walls of the retortbefore escaping into the stack serves to give to the bone-blackcontained in the hopper a preliminary heating. The inverted-V-shaped IOOshields 4G are provided near the lower edges with apertures 65, whichpermit of the passage therethrough of the bone-black, the gasesresulting from the preliminary heating of the bone-black escaping fromthe hopper by passing along the under side of the V- shaped shields 46and out through the pipe 61. By forming the upper portion of saidshields imperforate a clear channel for the passage of the gases ismaintained.

The air necessary for the support of combustion in the furnace issupplied by the passages 47 and 51, which take the heated air from thespace surrounding the upper portions of the coolers and the lowerportions of the retorts and convey it to the combustionchamber bothabove and below the lire-grate. By opening the doors 48 an increasedsupply of air may be supplied to the combustion* chambers. The gases andvolatile substances driven oii'f from the bone-black in the retortsescape by the pipes 62 and 63 into the stack 58, and by means of thepeep-hole or sightopening 64 the manner in which the kiln is operatingmay be viewed. When the boneblack in the retorts has been thoroughlycalcined, the lever 36 is oscillated in the proper direction to closethe lower ends of the coolers IIO and open the discharge-spouts 13, whenthe contents of the retorts will be discharged into the coolers and theretorts will be supplied with a fresh charge of heated bone-black fromthe hoppers. The bone-black is permitted to remain in the coolers untilthe charge of bone-black in the retorts has been calcined, thebone-black in the coolers being thus sufficiently cooled to permit ofits being safely discharged into contact with the atmosphere.

The operation of cooling the bone-black in the coolers is facilitated bythe passages 54 55 56, the air circulating around the coolers andescaping by said passages into the stack 58a. A constant draft of air isthus caused to pass between and around the coolers, and by arranging thepassages and the openings 57 in the manner described the air is causedto circulate about all the coolers equally.

By making the kiln double, as shown, either side may be shut down andrendered inoperative for repairs or when the entire capacity of the kilnis not needed, the two portions of the kilns being entirely independentand separate, as before described.

Having thus described my invention, what I Claim is-` l. In a bone-blackkiln, the combination with a furnace, of a retort-chamber 5, retorts 6arranged therein, flues 4 leading from the furnace to the lower end ofsaid retort-chamber, a fiue 58 surrounding said chamber andcommunicating at one end with the rear end of the chamber, arfeed-hopper 38 arranged over the retorts and completely surrounded by aflue, a partition 60 arranged in said flue,

a discharge-pipe 6l communicating with said iiue on one side of saidpartition, and a pipe 59 communicating with said iiue on the oppositeside of the partition and communicating at its opposite end with theflue 58, substantially as described.

2. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a retort-chamber and afurnace for heating the same, of retorts arranged in said chamber andeach provided at both top and bottom with laterally-projecting anges 7,the iianges abutting against the sides of the adjacent retorts andsealing the spaces between said retorts, substantially as described.

3. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a retort-chamber and afurnace for heating the same, of retorts arranged in said chamberand-each provided on one side at both top and bottom with projectingflanges 7, projecting perforated lugs formed on the upper and lower endsof the two end retorts, and tierods secured in said lugs and operatingto bind the retorts together, substantially as described.

' 4. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a furnace, of aretort-chamber 5, retorts 6 arranged therein, ues -it leading from thefurnace to the lower end of said retort-chamber, and a flue 58completely surrounding said chamber and extending from the top to thebottom thereof, said flue communicating at one end with the rear end ofsaid chamber and at its other end with a discharge-pipe, substantiallyas described.

5. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a furnace of aretort-chamber 5, retorts 6 arranged therein, a feed-hopper 38 arrangedover the retorts and having hollow walls, iiues 4 leading from thefurnace to the lower end of said retort-chamber and a iiue 58 completelysurrounding said chamber and eX- tending from the top to the bottomthereof, said iue communicating at one end with the rear end of saidchamber and at its other end with a pipe communicating with the hollowwalls of the hopper, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

BERNHARDT EBA.

Witnesses:

C. C. THOMPSON, JAMES W. WIGeINs.

